本次安装1.33版本参考官网
https://v1-33.docs.kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/install-kubeadm/
- 环境查看
系统环境
# uname -a
Linux iZ7xv2oxvtpwp70zxjl8yfZ 5.15.0-161-generic #171-Ubuntu SMP Sat Oct 11 08:17:01 UTC 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: core-11.1.0ubuntu4-noarch:security-11.1.0ubuntu4-noarch
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS
Release: 22.04
Codename: jammy
软件环境
- 安装基础工具
关闭交互分区
# swapoff -a
更新 apt 包索引并安装使用 Kubernetes apt 仓库所需要的包：
sudo apt-get update
# apt-transport-https 可能是一个虚拟包（dummy package）；如果是的话，你可以跳过安装这个包
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gpg
下载用于 Kubernetes 软件包仓库的公共签名密钥。所有仓库都使用相同的签名密钥，因此你可以忽略URL中的版本：
# 如果 `/etc/apt/keyrings` 目录不存在，则应在 curl 命令之前创建它，请阅读下面的注释。
# sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
添加 Kubernetes apt 仓库。 请注意，此仓库仅包含适用于 Kubernetes 1.33 的软件包； 对于其他 Kubernetes 次要版本，则需要更改 URL 中的 Kubernetes 次要版本以匹配你所需的次要版本 （你还应该检查正在阅读的安装文档是否为你计划安装的 Kubernetes 版本的文档）。
# 此操作会覆盖 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list 中现存的所有配置。
echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
更新 apt 包索引，安装 kubelet、kubeadm 和 kubectl，并锁定其版本：
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
查看安装版本
需要版本对应如果不对应可能会出现各种问题
# kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"33", EmulationMajor:"", EmulationMinor:"", MinCompatibilityMajor:"", MinCompatibilityMinor:"", GitVersion:"v1.33.7", GitCommit:"a7245cdf3f69e11356c7e8f92b3e78ca4ee4e757", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2025-12-09T14:41:01Z", GoVersion:"go1.24.11", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
root@iZ7xv2oxvtpwp70zxjl8yfZ:~# kubectl version
Client Version: v1.33.7
Kustomize Version: v5.6.0
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
root@iZ7xv2oxvtpwp70zxjl8yfZ:~# kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.33.7
- 初始化集群
安装containerd
apt install containerd
初始化集群
设置Master节点ip和pod的网段
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=172.16.5.117 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
下载镜像等待时间较长
错误提示如下
# kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=172.16.5.117 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
I1223 10:45:46.039362 4388 version.go:261] remote version is much newer: v1.35.0; falling back to: stable-1.33
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.33.7
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:[ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-ipv4-ip_forward]: /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward contents are not set to 1
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
设置
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward
永久生效
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
# 添加
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
如果本机无法访问国外网站的需要从可以访问国外网站的主机导出镜像再到需要安装的主机导入镜像
如果版本不一致比如kubeadm版本是1.33.7 但是导入的镜像版本是1.33.6则可以指定版本安装
sudo apt-get install -y kubeadm=1.33.6-1.1 --allow-downgrades
kubectl version
apt list -a kubectl
sudo apt-get install -y kubectl=1.33.6-1.1 --allow-downgrades
需要加参数--allow-downgrades因为之前有hold版本
不知道版本则使用以下命令查看
apt list -a kubelet
安装完成后还是需要固定版本
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
init成功之后输出如下
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:mkdir -p $HOME/.kubesudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configAlternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.confYou should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:kubeadm join 172.16.5.117:6443 --token uelkr9.ieoyqa1nuviimqg4 \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:4037d12b8607287282a6cc20ef4bc4125baee378f619c2ee9caa3faa621316cd
按提示操作即可
安装网络组件
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.yml
- 其他节点加入集群